Research at SOS Lab is located at the interface between biology and electrical engineering and information technology. In interdisciplinary projects biologists, mathematicians and physicists work on understanding the principles of biomolecular systems and how to use them in modern technical systems.

Current Projects

ViSPAGI

Our “Virtual Staining and Pathology Assessment Empowered by Graphical Intelligence” (ViSPAGI) project aims to revolutionise digital pathology. The current process of tissue staining in cancer pathology is labour-intensive, time-consuming and involves the use of harmful chemicals. Typically, a prepared tissue section is first stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and examined by an expert pathologist. If abnormal tissue structures are detected that may indicate cancer, the sample is further stained for various markers using immunohistochemistry (IHC). ViSPAGI, our AI-driven platform, will fundamentally change the traditional pathology workflow. The ViSPAGI algorithm uses the first analysis and performs an innovative conversion from H&E to IHC staining directly in an image of the stained tissue within seconds – drastically streamlining a process that typically takes hours to days with manual methods. After successful validation in a feasibility study, we are now ready to further develop ViSPAGI and improve it with state-of-the-art AI algorithms. Our goal is to significantly increase its accuracy and efficiency and expand its functionality. This ranges from performing virtual staining of unstained tissue samples (H&E or a wide range of different IHC staining), to automating the segmentation and classification of cancer cells, to introducing the concept of data extension to simultaneously analyse both visual data from staining and textual data from medical records. In addition to its use in practical diagnostics, ViSPAGI will be developed as a learning platform. By generating highly realistic stained tissue samples, students, for example, can perform practical annotation exercises.

There is a close collaboration with renowned pathologists from the Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology at Frankfurt University Hospital, who were involved in the preliminary work on ViSPAGI.

The project is funded by the Hessian Ministry of Digitalisation and Innovation in the Distr@l 4a funding line (project number: 24_0015_4A) and will run from 12/2024-11/2026.

Collaborative Projects

Within this project, we will develop a fully automated system that predicts the presence of consumers expecting deliveries and thus prevents unsuccessful delivery attempts. This is a collaboration with the company Green Convenience. SOS will develop algorithms set up by machine learning to optimize the prediction of presence.

This project (HA project no.: 1304/22-09) is funded by the State of Hesse and HOLM as part of the measure “Innovations in the field of logistics and mobility” of the Hessian Ministry of Economics, Energy, Transport and Housing. and Mobility" measure of the Hessian Ministry of Economics, Energy, Transport and Housing.

In this project our group cooperates with Inheaden GmbH from Darmstadt. A digitalized procedure for documenting vehicle damage is being developed. Quadcopters equipped with a camera are used which fly around the vehicles (or entire vehicle fleets) and take pictures. Using machine learning, the images are automatically compared before and after use or transport, and a potential new damage is displayed on a schematic 3D representation. Thus, all damaged areas are documented comprehensibly and accurately, and a time-consuming manual comparison is no longer necessary.

With the launch of the Centre for Synthetic Biology, TU Darmstadt commits to synthetic biology as a key research focus. The interdisciplinary centre integrates expertise from the faculties of biology, chemistry and electrical engineering and information technology, material sciences and physics, mechanical engineering and social sciences.

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Projects and collaborations of the Centre’s members span basic research in cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and applications as diverse as: teaching robots to learn to interact with the elderly, understanding social biases from text collections, developing AI algorithms that explain their decisions by design, capturing plant physiological intuitions by machines, understanding how students learn new concepts and solve problems, developing smart prostheses, detecting pedestrians from carbound video, identify global patterns of interest from social media use, predictive analysis of human attentional and visuomotor behavior, and extracting physical models from collective behavior.

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Started in 2020, the LOEWE center emergenCITY is researching resilient infrastructures of digital cities that can withstand crises and disasters. emergenCITY is organized as an interdisciplinary and multi-site cooperation led by Technische Universität Darmstadt, Universität Kassel, and Philipps-Universität Marburg as well as the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance and the City of Darmstadt. The center partners with several other institutions from academia, industry, and public administration.

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This EU funded project has the goal to collect, standardize and harmonize existing clinical knowledge and medical data and, with the help of artificial intelligence, create treatment models for patients. Armed with these treatment models, scientists will then test them on virtual patients to evaluate treatment efficacy and toxicity, thus improving both patient survival and their quality of life. To accomplish our goals, we have assembled an interdisciplinary team consisting of basic, translational, and clinical researchers—all amongst the leaders in their respective fields—and established strong relationships with European Centres of Excellence, patient organizations, and clinical trials focus on personalized medicine for our proposed case studies. In summary, iPC will address the critical need for personalized medicine for children with cancer, contribute to the digitalization of clinical workflows, and enable the Digital Single Market of the EU data infrastructure.

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MAKI creates an innovative premise for the communication systems of the future. Its aim is to be more adaptive to changes, particularly during ongoing operations. This could facilitate, for instance, the ability to stream video on a smartphone in high quality without interruptions in spite of busy or overloaded mobile networks. Users would be able to rely on steady and reliable reception even while attending festivals or crowded sporting events.

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The Centre for Cognitive Science successfully applied for the LOEWE Research Cluster “WhiteBox – explainable models for human and artificial intelligence”. The cluster will be funded four years with a total grant of 4.7 Mio EUR by the Hessian State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts. WhiteBox is joining the twin disciplines AI and Cognitive Science. January 2021, an interdisciplinary team of 9 PIs and their teams will start investigating the project's core questions: How can we better explain artificial and human intelligence?

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The goal of the LOEWE research cluster FLOW FOR LIFE is to develop an artificial network that transports oxygen and nutrients within lab-grown human tissue of a centimeter size scale. Combining engineering with biological principles, and synthetic with biological materials, the project brings together experts and infrastructure from five engineering and natural science departments at the TU Darmstadt.

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Previous Projects

Modelling and Manipulating the Phagocyte-Mycobacteria Interface. Tuberculosis is the most pervasive infectious disease worldwide, and recent emergence of drug-resistant strains emphasises the need for improved drug treatments. An integrated approach to dissect, model and ultimately manipulate the interactions between mycobacteria and their host is a promising innovative strategy to develop new anti-infective drugs.

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Goal of this EU-funded project was the development of a predictive computational technology that can exploit molecular and clinical data to improve the understanding of disease mechanism and to inform clinicians about optimized treatment strategies.

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Within this project we will validate RNA biosensor technology for the detection of viral RNA.

The modularity of cell-free systems in their composition of specific sensory components and universal building blocks such as coupling to signal amplifying reactions or different reporters will enable us to provide a platform for the rapid and efficient development of biosensors for the detection of viral RNA.

This project is funded by the European Regional Development Fund as part of the Union's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The budget is used for necessary laboratory equipment.

This EU funded project has the goal to collect, standardize and harmonize existing clinical knowledge and medical data and, with the help of artificial intelligence, create treatment models for patients. Armed with these treatment models, scientists will then test them on virtual patients to evaluate treatment efficacy and toxicity, thus improving both patient survival and their quality of life. To accomplish our goals, we have assembled an interdisciplinary team consisting of basic, translational, and clinical researchers—all amongst the leaders in their respective fields—and established strong relationships with European Centres of Excellence, patient organizations, and clinical trials focus on personalized medicine for our proposed case studies. In summary, iPC will address the critical need for personalized medicine for children with cancer, contribute to the digitalization of clinical workflows, and enable the Digital Single Market of the EU data infrastructure.

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Contextualizing biomolecular circuit models for synthetic biology

Synthetic biology is the bottom-up engineering of new molecular functionality inside a biological cell. Although it aims at a quantitative and compositional approach, most of today’s implementations of synthetic circuits are based on inefficient trial-and-error runs. This approach to circuit design does not scale well with circuit complexity and is against the basic paradigm of synthetic biology. This unsatisfactory state of affairs is partly due to the lack of the right computational methodology that can support the quantitative characterization of circuits and their significant context dependency, i.e. their change in behavior upon interactions with the host machinery and with other circuit elements.

CONSYN will contribute computational methodology to overcome the trial-and-error approach and to ultimately turn synthetic circuit design into a rational bottom-up process that heavily relies on computational analysis before any actual biomolecular implementation is considered.

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The aim of the project is to apply bio-inspired swarm techniques for interconnecting autonomous systems for efficient, autonomous detection of three-dimensional targets and environmental scenes by drones. Such unmanned devices can be used, for example, to automatically carry out search and rescue missions, dynamically establish network connections, maintain infrastructure, monitor buildings or take over tasks in the agricultural sector.

This project (HA project no.:1010/21-12) is funded by the State of Hesse and HOLM as part of the measure “Innovations in the field of logistics and mobility” of the Hessian Ministry of Economics, Energy, Transport and Housing. and Mobility" measure of the Hessian Ministry of Economics, Energy, Transport and Housing.

The goal of CompuGene was to develop computer-aided processes to enable the design of complex genetic circuits in biological systems, with a highly interdisciplinary approach. The resulting implementation of biomolecular functions in cells, and their targeted usage, bears great scientific and economic potential. In order to make genetic circuits of higher complexity feasible, a novel scientific approach is required to replace current trial-and-error methods of synthetic biology.

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Regulatory processes within living cells have long been the topic of research interest and the key to understanding various diseases. The decades of studies resulted in a large body of knowledge on molecular interactions and regulatory pathways in the cells of model organisms ranging from microorganisms to mammals. Nevertheless, accurately inferring gene network topology at the scale of a whole cell has remained an intractable task until recently, mostly due to the large amount of single-cell data needed for such inference. In the last few years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enabled measuring transcriptome of high numbers of individual cells, which allowed observing a much greater share of the multidimensional parameter space of large gene networks and gave rise to multiple inference methods. However, none of the existing methods incorporate all relevant knowledge on biophysical constraints. This project aims to incorporate prior knowledge on the system; decomposition of measurement, extrinsic and intrinsic noise; and accurate representation of stochastic gene expression and its regulation into a Bayesian inference framework for identifying topology of a gene network and rate constants of its molecular interactions. The performance of the inference algorithm will be tested by evaluating its ability to predict the effects of transcription factor deletion perturbations. Enhancing gene network inference by accounting for the wealth of known biophysical constraints could provide insights into the gene regulatory processes that would enable advancement in developmental and evolutionary biology, biomedicine and bioengineering

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